A positively charged ion that shows it has lost electrons. So, in a neutral molecule, if you know the charge on one atom, another atom in this molecule will have an equal and opposite charge as shown below If oxidation number increases there is oxidation (loss of electrons) and if it decreases, it shows reduction (gain of electrons). So, the oxidation number changes in a chemical reaction. So, the oxidation number of magnesium is + 2 as it has lost two electrons. So, magnesium must have + 2 charge as oxygen has - 2 charge. So, the oxidation number of -2 tells gain of electrons by oxygen and loss of two electrons by magnesium, so there is the reduction of oxygen and oxidation of magnesium. So, whenever, oxygen forms an oxide with an element, the oxygen in that oxide will have -2 charge. It takes two electrons from Magnesium which gains 2 + charge on losing two electrons. After gaining two electrons, it becomes O 2 - as one electron has a -1 charge. Its electronic configuration is 2, 6, so, It needs 2 electrons to complete its octet, so it will tend to gain two electrons, so its valency is 2. The formation of magnesium oxide is shown below Let us find the oxidation number of magnesium (Mg) in a molecule of magnesium oxide (MgO), which contains one atom of magnesium and one atom of oxygen. Let us understand it with the following example This charge is positive if electrons are lost and negative if electrons are gained, and is equal to the number of electrons an atom has lost or gained as compared to the neutral atom. We can say that it is a charge that an atom gains after forming an ionic bond with other atoms. So, the numerical value of the oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons lost or gained by the atoms. It shows the count of electrons that are lost, gained or shared by an atom when it reacts with other atoms to form molecules or other chemical species. Oxidation number: It is the number that appears on an element in a chemical combination or molecule. So, to identify the loss of electrons (oxidation) and gain of electrons (reduction), we must be aware of oxidation number or oxidation state. The oxidation number of an atom changes during oxidation or reduction.
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